Method of heating



1931. c. c. CARSON 1,820,893

METHOD OF HEATING Filed Sept. 27. 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR ,JS MQQQQW.

ATYO RNEYS Aug. 25, 1931.

c. c. CARSON 1,820,893 METHOD OF HEATING Filed Sept. 27. 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR 617 son,

ATTORNEYS o industrial and other as tions has become Patented Aug. 25, 1931 UNITED STA CLIFFORD 0.

'rss PATENT OFFICE CARSON, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO METHOD OF HEATING Application filed This invention relates to a method of and buildings such as factheaters and the like, and aims to proindirect heating equi ment may be employed efiiciently to utilize tlie maximum heat in the breathing zone or that portion of the building where the heat is reapparatus for heating tories, vide means whereby quired.

In the accompanying drawings,

Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a unit heater out my method; Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on the line capable of carrying 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view 2; and

plied to an ordinary shop or factory Since the advent of the modern large working or rooms and ings or roofs, economically and spaces such buildings are known to be very because the heated air quickly rises breathing line or inhabited zone and a considerable portion of it IS convection. to the temperature side and outside, the size of area of the window openings and sev factors. The handbook Society of Heating and Ventilati neers states that the temperature foot of height gree of Fahrenheit.

difference betwe that at the breat depending upon the breathing line.

Many attempts have been made t ically. Unit heaters having fans to hot air at a tions of the buildings have proven taken on the line buildings which have the problem of heating them maintaining a comfortable, uniform temperature in the inhabited porincreasingly important. The old methods and apparatus for heating lost by radiation and The heat loss varies according the building, the

of the American is usually more than one de- Hence, the temperature near the roof of a building has to be raised to higher than the height of the roof, to maintain a comfortable temperaturebelow high velocity into the lower por- September 27, 1928. Serial No. 308,681.

Such systems are now quite common.

of height. method of delivering to be heated and confining it to circulate below the breathing line until a very substantial portion of its heat is given up,

height between the floor and ceilin hence, the heat fine and circulate all building.

types of heated air is high ceilly circulating relatively velocity above the breathin line. is to create an artificial ceili ineflicient the space to be heated. above the relatively cold air at a velocity 1500 and 3000 feet per of hot air discharging at a velocity en the 111- to 1200 feet per minute.

era] other will give very satisfactory results.

in the room or building is ng Engirise per downward pressure on hing line,

plished without building a low ceiling.

In accordance with the improved method, delivered or discharge into the space to be heated and is confined temporarily below the breathing line by simultaneouscold air preferably at a lower temperature and at a much higher The idea ng of air above This is preferably doneby discharging a thin and wide stream of of between minute above a stream of 800 A velocity dilference of between 500 and 2000 feet per minute The air thus practically stratified and the high velocity curtain does not really yield or bend upwardly due to the natural tendency of the heated air to rise. Moreover, the curtain of relatively cold air is more dense than the heated air and exerts it, thereby overcoming to a considerable extent the buoyant effect of expanding heated air. In fact, the curtain thereby reducing the temperature rise per foot of and,

losses from the bail mg or room. The ideal condition would be to conof the heated air below the breathing line and maintain a lower temperature above it; but this cannot be accomis practically impenetrable by the heated air 0 provide stood that the relative velocities, discharge to be far until the air is dissipated and its velocity diminishes considerably. It will be undervolumes and temperatures of the hot and relatively cold air will be governed by the particular heating requirements and will vary according to the size of the space to be heated, the desired temperature, and other local conditions. The relative velocities and volumes are therefore controllable within the desired range. This is preferably done either by changing the speed of the fans or by varying the thickness of the air curtain or both.

The method may be practiced by using many different types of apparatus. One illustrative form of apparatus will now be described to aiford a better understanding of the method.

Herein, the heated air is delivered by a well known unit heater 10 of the type which employsafan blower 11 to discharge air through a series of heating coils from which it absorbs heat and then the air is discharge horizontally into the room or building, as the case may be. In this instance the fan 11 is arranged near the bottom of the heater and is supplied at the intake with air from the room or building. However, in some instances, fresh air from the outside is admitted.

The curtain or stratum of air above the discharging hot air may be created in a great variety of ways, but herein, there is shown a series of fan blowers 13, within a housing 14 secured above the casing of the heater 10. The housing may be made of sheet metal and has intake openings 15 providing double intakes for the fans. The fans discharge through the mouth of a hood 16 which is shown as bein; nozzle-shaped or flared to control the curtain stream without creating eddies.

To control the relative velocities of the heated air and the air curtain or stratum, the nozzle for the air curtain is shown as being adjustable. In the present example, the hood 16 is pivoted at the rear end to the forward end of the housing and the vertical side walls 17 thereof have a series of holes 18 ada ted to register with holes in stationary brac ets 19 to receive bolts or pins 20, the idea being to enlarge the nozzle to decrease the velocity of air curtain.

To guide the lower part of the curtain there is shown a curved sheet metal wall 21 suitably welded or brazed at the forward edge to the front edge of the upper wall of the heater 10, the construction being somewhat similar to that of an airplane wing. This arrangement also tends to avoid eddy currents and a resulting mixture of the relatively cold air in the curtain with the heated a1r.

Obviously the fans may be separately driven in any suitable manner, but herein, they are belt driven by a common motor 22 supported on a shelf or supporting bracket 23 at one side of the casing, the speed ratio being determined to suit the demands on the heating installation by using pulleys of different sizes.

In Fig. 4 one of a series of unit heaters having the improvements applied thereto is shown in an ordinary factory building. Several heaters will be employed to create adequate circulation of hot air through large plants of this type. The separate strata of air are indicated by dotted lines to convey a general idea of the operation, no attempt being made to show deflections of the strata and local eddy currents because they differ widely in different installations.

From the foregoing description, it will be seen that the method is eminently adapted to eliect economy and efliciency in heating'large rooms or buildings. This is largely due to the fact that the heated air which is kept in active circulation is confined for a considerable time below the breathing line and, thus, is caused to give up the heat units therein be fore it rises to the ceiling or to the uppermost spaces in the room or building. Moreover, the active circulation caused by the confining air curtain or stratum discharging at a relatively high velocity enables the heaters to maintain a more nearly uniform temperature throughout the effective heating zone than has been possible heretofore by the ordinary methods of indirect heating.

Obviously, the invention is not restricted to the particular embodiment thereof herein shown and described.

What I claim is 1. The method of heating a large room or enclosure which consists in discharging heated air horizontally below the breathing line and discharging a thin curtain of relatively cold air at a much higher velocity above the breathing line and in the same direction as the heated air to prevent the heated air from rising therethrough before it has given up a large portion oft e contained heat units below the breathing line.

2. That method of heating a large room or enclosure which comprises creating and projecting a stream of heated air into the space to be heated below the breathing line; and simultaneously creating and prqecting a separate confining stream of air at a bi her velocity above the discharged heated air to counteract the tendency of the heated air to rise from that portion of the space to be heated until a substantial portion of the heat is given up in said space.

3. That method of heating a large room or enclosure which comprises heating and delivering air into the space to be heated below the breathing line; and simultaneously creating and maintaining an artificial ceiling of air of greater density immediately above the breathing line to counteract the tendency of the heated air to rise from said space before it has given up a substantial portion of its heat and to reduce the temperature rise per foot of height.

4. The method of heating a large room or enclosure which consists in discharging heated air below the breathing line and simultaneously discharging a curtain of relatively cold air at a higher velocity substantially horizontally above the breathing line to prevent the heated air from rising therethrough before it has given up a large porfisn of the contained heat units below the breathing line.

5. The method of heating a large room which cons sts in blowing heated air substantially horizontally into the room below the breathing line; and discharging a separate blast of air at a lower temperature in a relatively thin curtain or stratum immediately above the stream of heated air near the floor level to confine the heated air below the curtain and prevent it from rising before some of the heat units have been given up in the space below the breathing line.

6. The method of heating a large room or building which consists in creating separate and substantially parallel strata of air; discharging one stratum above the breathing line and the other stratum into the space below the breathing line; heating the lower stratum of air in the process of creation; and regulating the relative velocities of the strata so that the upper stratum Will temporarily confine the heated stratum below the breathing line.

In testimony, that I claim the foregoing as my own, I have hereto ailixed m signature.

CLIFFORD C. ARSON.

ed air below the breathing line and simultaneously discharging a curtain of relatively cold air at a higher velocity substantially horizontally above the breathing line to 5 prevent the heated air from rising therethrough before it has given up a large poricn of the contained heat units below the breathing line.

5. The method of heating a large room which cons sts in blowing heated air substantially horizontally into the room below the breathing line; and discharging a separate blast of air at a lower temperature in a relatively thin curtain or stratum immediately above the stream of heated air near the floor level to confine the heated air below the curtain and prevent it from rising before some of the heat units have been given up in the space below the breathing line.

6. The method of heating a large room or building which consists in creating separate and substantially parallel strata of air; discharging one stratum above the breathing line and the other stratum into the space helow the breathin line; heating the lower stratum of air in t e process of creation; and regulating the relative velocities of the strata so that the upper stratum will temporarily confine the heated stratum below the breathing line.

In testimony, that I claim the foregoing as my own, I have hereto aliixed m signature.

CLIFFORD O. ARSON.

CERTIFICATE or CORRECTION.

Patent "no. 1,820,893. Granted August 25, 1931, m

CLIFFORD C. CARSON.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 1, line 70, for "discharge" read discharged, and line 87, for "really" read readily; page 2. line 17, for "discharge" read discharged; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 17th day of November, A. D. 1931.

. p M. J. Moore, (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent No. 1,820,893. Granted August 25, 1931, to

CLIFFORD C. CARSON.

lt is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 1, line 70, for "discharge" read discharged, and line 87, for "really" read readily; page 2. line 17, for "discharge" read discharged; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 17th day of November, A. D. 1931.

M. J. Moore, (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

